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Those who have heard of the German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1866), probably know him primarily for his metaphysical philosophy of the will which all things because, as Schopenhauer unfolds in the main work The World as Will and Representation (which I have yet to, but the face and threatening at home in the rack). But among Schopenhauer's posthumous works are also hiding this little case:
The trick is always to get right is a sharp and not uvittig review of 38 rhetorical strategemer or artifice - made of 38 paragraphs that it belonged to the weighty academic writings at the time - to use for those who would like to win an argument independently of whether the claim to champion, is true or false. Or, as Schopenhauer calls the discipline: 'Eristisk dialectic' or 'art to argue in a way that continues to have the right, whether you have it or not' (p.64).
Schopenhauer's small print is from a time when a public disputation was a performance for an audience, and where a significant part of the argument had to advantage to win the audience's favor. And so it is probably also today - now just on television, but often continues with an audience.
30. Refer to authority. Argumentum ad veredundiam. Instead of reasons, one can use authority, depending on what the adversary knows about. [...] You can also use the common prejudices gameplanet as authorities. For most think with Aristotle: "what everyone thinks gameplanet is good, it is also good, we argue."; yes, there is no enough so absurd sense that people can not easily make their own so hurt they have succeeded in convincing them that this is widely accepted. The example works in their thinking as their behavior. They are like sheep, following leads sheep no matter where it leads them: for them it is easier gameplanet to die than think.
The trick is always to get right is the most a little polish antics similarity of idéhistorisk interest, but it is not only that. Schopenhauer 38 argumentatoriske forms and rhetorical ploy, which he retrieves quite a few from Aristotle, are still valid. They are used by all kinds of debaters to this day and is therefore useful to know.
If you are totally gameplanet blank on rhetoric forms, is perhaps better offerings out there, but Schopenhauer's small print is nevertheless not bad, if you want to sharpen his attention on rhetoric pitfalls. Turn on any debate gameplanet program on TV, and with Schopenhauer small print at your fingertips, you will soon be able to find examples of the use of most of his 38 tricks.
21. Meet sophistical arguments with sophistic arguments. By a merely apparent gameplanet or sophistical argument from the opponent's side, as we see through, we can indeed pill it apart by analyzing how tricky and apparently it is, but better it is to counter it with an equally apparent and sophistical argument and dismiss it in this way. For it comes will not do on truth but on victory.
So far so good. Schopenhauer's text is actually worth reading. It is short, and it is easy to go despite his age. I came across it in the airport kiosk and read it on a plane this morning, heavier text will remain.
But honestly, Informations publisher, what happens to you with this release? At least the version of the little book that I have had in their hands, is an absolutely appalling example of something that resembles the result of a color-blind and otherwise awkward selvudgivers first attempt at using Microsoft Word's standard design templates to design a book cover a substandard lokumsbog. gameplanet With only a printed label with a "Year mandelgave!" gameplanet To complete the unappetising gameplanet layout.
The attempt to launch Schopenhauer small print as Danish 'privy literature' does not stop at the repulsive covers, but has penetrated all the way into the editorial of the translation: The original manuscript contained a so a preface in the form of sections' Eristisk dialectic or art always to get right 'and' The basis of all dialectic ', as the Danish publisher, however, has chosen to place eventually as an afterword. According to the translator gameplanet Hans Christian Fink's own regulation, it happened "in the interest of the ordinary in